Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim txog graphite electrodes hauv hluav taws xob rauv steelmaking

Hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking tau txais lub zog hauv cov tuam txhab tsim steel. Ntawm peb txoj kev ntawm steelmaking, uas yog, qhib hearth rauv, converter thiab hluav taws xob arc rauv, qhov feem ntawm hluav taws xob rauv steelmaking tau txog li 30%. Hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking siv graphite electrodes ua cov ntaub ntawv conductive. Kev noj cov graphite electrodes hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov electrodes, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv steelmaking kev lag luam thiab kev tswj theem. Peb tam sim no txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev siv tau tsim los ntawm peb lub Hoobkas graphite electrode cov neeg siv cov kev pabcuam xyoo dhau los, txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm graphite electrodes hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking.

01
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev noj cov graphite electrodes hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking?
Feem ntau: (1) Tus nqi them nqi thiab kev them nqi. (2) Lub sijhawm them nyiaj thiab lub sijhawm fais fab tuag. (3) Smelting voj voog. (4) Cov pa paug pov tseg thiab cov plua plav tshem tawm. (5) Electrode hloov zoo. (6) Load kho kom zoo. (7) Oxygen tshuab ua haujlwm. (8) Electrode kev twb kev txuas zoo. (9) Electrode sib koom ua ke lub cev zoo. (10) Electrode qhov sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua haujlwm raug.

02
Dab tsi yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum khaws graphite electrodes hauv steel mills?
Cov hluav taws xob thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov cement hauv pem teb kom tsis txhob raug puas los yog daig nrog av. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis siv, tsis txhob tshem tawm cov ntim los tiv thaiv cov plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev poob ntawm cov xov sib txuas lossis cov electrode kawg nto thiab cov xov sab hauv ntawm lub qhov electrode. Electrodes yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub warehouse kom huv si, thiab ob qhov kawg ntawm cov electrode pawg yuav tsum tau padded los tiv thaiv slipping. Lub stacking qhov siab ntawm cov electrodes feem ntau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ob meters. Cov electrodes khaws cia yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm nag thiab noo noo los tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb thiab ceev oxidation thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking. Tsis txhob khaws cov pob qij txha electrode nyob ze rau qhov kub siab kom tiv thaiv cov pob qij txha los ntawm melting thiab overflowing.

03
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob electrode breakage thiab tripping thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking?
Cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv electrode breakage thiab tripping thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking: (1) Lub electrode theem ib theem yog lawm thiab counterclockwise. (2) Cov khoom seem hauv lub cub tawg yog sib npaug, thiab cov khoom seem ntawm cov hlau loj tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov cub kom ntau li ntau tau. (3) Tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv hlau. (4) Cov kab hluav taws xob yog ua raws li lub qhov cub sab saum toj thiab cov kab hluav taws xob yog sib npaug. Lub qhov cub sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntxuav tas li kom tsis txhob muaj cov slag seem thiab tawg cov electrode. (5) Ua kom lub cub tawg tilting system nyob rau hauv zoo kom lub cub tawg tilting ruaj khov. (6) Tsis txhob clamping lub electrode tuav ntawm electrode kev twb kev txuas thiab electrode sib koom qhov. (7) Xaiv cov khoom muaj zog thiab cov pob qij txha zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. (8) Lub torque siv thaum txuas cov electrode yuav tsum tsim nyog. (9) Ua ntej thiab thaum lub sij hawm kev sib txuas ntawm electrode, tiv thaiv lub electrode qhov xov thiab cov xov sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. (10) Tiv thaiv slag los yog txawv teb chaws los ntawm embedded nyob rau hauv lub electrode qhov thiab sib koom ua ke los cuam tshuam cov kev sib hloov.

04
Dab tsi yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum lub sijhawm crane hoisting txheej txheem thaum siv graphite electrodes hauv steel nroj tsuag?
Txawm hais tias siv lub forklift lossis crane thauj cov electrode, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm electrode hoisting txheej txheem, kev puas tsuaj rau lub electrode kawg thiab xov yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau kev siv cov electrode. Tshwj xeeb, cov xov ntawm lub qhov threaded thiab qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv. Thaum nqa cov electrode, yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ua rau lub ntsej muag electrode kawg thiab cov xov sib txuas.

05
Yuav ua li cas txuas cov electrode kom raug?
Thaum sib txuas, siv cov cua compressed los tshuab ntxuav lub qhov electrode, electrode kawg nto thiab sib koom ua ke. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws embedded. Kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si thiab tiaj tus. Thaum ob lub electrodes raug ntsia rau hauv ib qho twg (qhov sib txawv yog li 10 hli), siv cov cua compressed los tshuab dua, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov electrode kom nruj nrog lub zog clamps. Lub torque thov thaum zawm yuav tsum tsim nyog. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev sib txuas tom qab nruj, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab rov txuas dua kom txog thaum tsis muaj qhov sib txawv.

06
Hais txog qhov tseeb clamping txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus tuav electrode
Lub electrode tuav tsis tuaj yeem clamped ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm electrode thiab electrode threaded qhov. Nws yuav tsum tau clamped ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kab dawb ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm cov electrode. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua ntej tus tuav clamps lub tshuab electrode, siv cov cua compressed los tshuab ntxuav qhov saum npoo ntawm cov electrode thiab tus tuav kom paub meej tias tam sim no thiab cov cua sov ntws tau zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov electrode thiab tus tuav, kom tiv thaiv arcing los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. rau tus tuav, yog li ncua lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm tus tuav.

07
Dab tsi yog cov kev ntsuas los txo cov electrode oxidation noj thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv?
Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los txo cov oxidation noj yog: (1) Txo oxidation noj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub electrode, ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib khi ntawm lub cub tawg, thiab txo cov cua nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg; txo lub sij hawm raug ntawm liab-kub electrode sab nraum lub cub tawg, thiab standardize lub tshuab pa oxygen. (2) Rau smelting furnaces, yog tias muaj kev tso cai, lub electrode txais cov tshuab cua txias, uas tuaj yeem txo cov oxidation noj ntawm sab electrode. (3) Steel mills tsuag tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidants ntawm electrode nto, los yog electrode manufacturers siv antioxidant impregnation kho tshuab ua ntej electrode tawm hauv lub Hoobkas los txhim kho oxidation tsis kam ntawm electrode lub cev.

08
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electrode theem ib ntus ntawm kev siv electrode?
Thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking, qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode theem ib ntus muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev txav mus los thiab tawg ntawm cov electrode thaum siv. Yog hais tias lub electrode theem ib ntus yog clockwise, lub electrode yuav loosen tom qab tau powered rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau lub electrode loosen los yog sib koom ua ke. Qhov tseeb electrode theem ua ntu zus yuav tsum yog counterclockwise, yog li ntawd cov electrode yuav ntau thiab nruj nreem txuas thaum siv.

09
Vim li cas cov theem electrodes yuav tsum tau ua tib yam thiab ua raws li qhov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub qhov cub npog thaum ua cov hlau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv?
Cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub qhov cub npog, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev sib txhuam nrog lub qhov cub npog, txwv tsis pub kev sib txhuam nrog lub qhov cub npog thaum nqa thiab txo qis yuav ua rau lub qhov cub npog kom nyem thiab tawg cov electrode. Rau AC furnaces, peb-theem electrode kab yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom sib npaug ntau li ntau tau.

10
Yuav ua li cas thov torque thaum tig lub electrode?
Lub torque thov thaum tig lub electrode yuav tsum tsim nyog, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm yuav tsum tsis tu ncua. Lub zog me me dhau lawm yuav ua rau cov pob qij txha xoob vim yog cua sov, thiab lub zog ntau dhau yuav ua rau lub qhov hluav taws xob sib koom ua ke tawg. Thaum tig, siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb electrode rotating, thiab tsis txhob zawm lossis xoob nws ntau dhau. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag tom qab zawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab ntxuav ua ntej rov tig.

11
Vim li cas graphite hanger zoo dua li hlau hanger?
Txawm hais tias hlau hangers yog ruaj thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj, thaum rhuab thaum siv, thermal expansion ntawm hlau hangers yog ib qho yooj yim rau tawg lub electrode qhov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum cov hlau hanger txuas nrog, nws yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov xov hauv lub qhov electrode, ua rau thaj tsam loj ntawm cov xov hauv lub qhov yuav raug khawb tawm, ua rau cov electrode yooj yim rau disengage. Graphite hangers muaj tib lub thermal expansion kev ua tau zoo thiab hardness li electrodes, yog li cov saum toj no-hais siv tsis zoo yuav tsis tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, graphite hangers muaj lub neej luv luv thiab yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj. Yog tias pom muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov raws sijhawm.

12
Yuav ua li cas xaiv electrodes rau hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking?
Raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc rauv, tsim nyog xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua tau raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob arc rauv thiab xaiv cov khoom nrog cov nqi zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo xaiv cov electrodes haum rau txhua qhov cub. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob steelmaking, txoj kev pub mis, qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no, qhov ntev ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv qab lub clamp, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov cub sab phab ntsa thiab cov electrode ncig, thiab lwm yam. hluav taws xob arc rauv xaiv electrodes.

13
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov electrodes hauv steelmaking?
Lub resistivity ntawm graphite electrodes yog lub cev taw qhia uas qhia txog cov conductivity ntawm electrodes. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm electrodes. Lub xeev tau teev cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm graphite electrodes ntawm txawv specifications. Feem ntau hais lus, thaum steel mills xaiv electrodes ntawm tej yam specifications, lawv yuav tsum xaiv qhov resistivity ntau teev los ntawm lub teb chaws metallurgical qauv. Kev kub siab dhau lawm yuav ua rau cov electrodes liab thiab kub thaum muaj zog, nce electrode oxidation noj.

14
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntim ntom ntom ntawm kev siv cov electrodes hauv steelmaking?
Qhov ntim ceev ntawm graphite electrodes qhia txog lub xeev compact ntawm cov electrodes thiab yog ze ze rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov electrodes. Lub xeev tau teev cov nqi rau qhov ntim ceev ntawm graphite electrodes ntawm txawv specifications. Cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj ntim ceev qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov khoom muaj ib tug siab porosity, thiab cov khoom oxidizes sai dua nyob rau hauv high kub, uas yuav yooj yim ua rau muaj zog electrode noj. Feem ntau hais lus, thaum steel mills xaiv electrodes, qhov loj dua qhov ntim ntawm cov electrode yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi teev, qhov zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab dua qhov ntim ceev, qhov zoo dua. Vim tias qee cov hluav taws xob nrog cov tuab tuab heev yog qee zaum mus rau saum npoo av, thaiv kom ntog thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm tsis zoo, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov nroj tsuag steelmaking.

15
Vim li cas steel mills yuav tsum tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam khoom thaum siv graphite electrodes?
Cov graphite electrodes siv nyob rau hauv steel mills feem ntau muab los ntawm ntau manufacturers. Kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam khoom thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau nws nyuaj rau steel mills suav cov kev noj ntawm ib yam khoom, tab sis kuj vim hais tias ntawm txawv raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab manufacturing txheej txheem siv los ntawm txhua lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus, lub cev thiab tshuaj zog thiab kev tolerances. cov electrodes thiab pob qij txha ntawm txhua tus neeg tsim khoom sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib piv kam rau ua tsim thaum sib xyaw siv tau yooj yim ua rau cov electrode poob thiab tawg. Txoj kev raug siv nws yog siv cov khoom ntawm ib qho chaw tsim khoom ib leeg, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas mus rau cov khoom ntawm lwm cov chaw tsim khoom tom qab kawg. Txhawm rau txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum siv cov khoom sib txuas uas haum rau tib lub chaw tsim khoom los tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw.

16
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm koob coke?
Needle coke yog cov khoom siv zoo carbon zoo, muab faib ua cov thee-based thiab roj-raws li. Nws nto muaj qhov pom tseeb strip zoo li cov qauv. Thaum tawg, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov kab zoo li rab koob ntev. Cov qauv fibrous tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav, yog li nws hu ua koob coke. Koob coke yog ib qho yooj yim rau graphitize ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 2000 degrees. Lub graphite electrode ua los ntawm nws tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj siab thiab siab ntim, tab sis kuj muaj qhov sib txawv me me thermal expansion coefficient. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov ultra-siab zog electrodes thiab high-power electrodes. Tus nqi ntawm koob coke yog kim kim dua li cov coke zoo tib yam, tam sim no txog 5-8 npaug siab dua.

17
Puas yuav cov plua plav sau rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc rauv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv thiab kev siv cov electrodes?
Cov kiv cua siv hauv cov plua plav sau cov txheej txheem ua rau muaj qee qhov tsis zoo siab thaum ua haujlwm, uas ua rau kom cov cua ntws nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hluav taws xob liab-kub thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking, yog li ua rau oxidation noj ntawm cov electrode. Thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking, cov plua plav zoo tau hloov kho kom muaj chaw ua haujlwm zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv electrode.

18
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob nce electrode noj thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking?
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua: (1) Ua kom muaj lub zog hluav taws xob zoo thiab muab lub zog nyob rau hauv qhov tso cai siv tam sim no ntawm cov electrode raws li cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. (2) Tiv thaiv qhov chaw pib ntawm arc los ntawm kev tso rau hauv lub pas dej molten. (3) Tiv thaiv cov electrode los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau molten kom nce cov pa roj carbon. (4) Yog tias muaj kev tso cai, cov electrode txais cov tshuab cua txias. (5) Teeb tsa cov pa hluav taws xob kom raug. (6) Siv lub tshuab pa oxygen kom raug.

19
Ntev npaum li cas lub voj voog ntawm graphite electrodes?
Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ultra-siab lossis lub zog siab graphite electrodes yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no thiab lub sijhawm sib xws: electrode nias (3 hnub) - ci (25 hnub) - impregnation (4 hnub) - rov ci (15 hnub). hnub) - graphitization (10 hnub) - machining, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo (2 hnub) - tiav cov khoom ntim thiab xa khoom (1 hnub), uas yog, los ntawm kev pub mis rau cov khoom xa tuaj, lub voj voog ntau lawm ceev tshaj plaws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yog 60 hnub, thiab ntau lawm ntawm electrode pob qij txha yuav tsum tau ob impregnation ntau thiab peb roasting txheej txheem ntau tshaj li electrodes, yog li lub ceev tshaj plaws ntau lawm voj voog yog 90 hnub.

20
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm electrodes tsim los ntawm serial graphitization furnaces?
Txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia ntawm graphitization furnaces yog internal tshav kub serial graphitization furnaces. Txij li tam sim no qhov ceev ntawm cov kab kem yog tib yam, qhov sib txawv ntawm electrode resistivity yog me me; Qhov thib ob, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom lag luam graphitized yog me ntsis qis dua qhov nruab nrab (qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm Acheson rauv graphitized khoom yog siab dua li ntawm nruab nrab ib feem), uas yog qhov zoo rau txo qhov tsis kam ntawm kev sib txuas thaum tus neeg siv siv nws thiab alleviating lub overheating thiab reddening tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas. Yog li ntawd, cov electrode zoo uniformity tsim los ntawm series graphitization rauv yog zoo dua li ntawm Acheson rauv, thiab yog tsim nyog rau ntau lawm yuav tsum tau ntawm hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking.

21
Vim li cas qhov zoo ntawm electrode pob qij txha ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking?
Kev sib koom ua ke ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas thaum lub sij hawm electrode steelmaking. Qhov zoo ntawm kev sib koom tes yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev siv cov electrode hauv hluav taws xob rauv steelmaking. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo ntawm electrode zoo npaum li cas, yog tias tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke zoo los ua kom haum rau nws qhov tsim nyog, teeb meem yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm steelmaking. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob furnace steelmaking, ntau tshaj 80% ntawm electrode siv raug xwm txheej yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab loosening. Yog li, kev xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov lav rau kev siv hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking electrodes.

22
Qhov ntsuas zoo li cas ntawm graphite electrode (sib koom) cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob rauv steelmaking?
(1) Qhov ntsuas zoo xws li lub ntim ntawj ntom ntom, tiv taus lub zog, elastic modulus thiab thermal expansion coefficient ntawm cov electrode. (2) Cov ntsuas zoo xws li qhov ntim ntom ntom, tiv taus, lub zog, elastic modulus thiab thermal expansion coefficient ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. (3) Kev ua kom raug ntawm cov electrodes thiab cov pob qij txha. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo ntawm cov electrodes thiab cov pob qij txha zoo npaum li cas, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo (tsuas yog hais txog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov electrodes thiab cov pob qij txha), kev siv cov nyhuv yuav tsis zoo. (4) Cov qauv sab hauv zoo ntawm electrodes thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij zais hauv kev siv.

23
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxidation hnyav ntawm electrode kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv electrode?
Thaum cov hlau yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug smelting rauv, seem hlau burns nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj cov pa oxygen hauv lub qhov cub, qhov siab ntawm cov nplaim taws feem ntau siab dua li cov electrode kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus tuav, uas yooj yim rau oxidize electrode kawg nto. Yog tias oxidation hnyav heev, electrode kawg nto yuav deform los ntawm ib qho chaw tiaj tus mus rau ib qho chaw inclined. Thaum lub electrode tshiab txuas nrog rau sab sauv, qhov oxidation thiab deformation ntawm cov hluav taws xob qis kawg tsis tuaj yeem tiv tauj cov electrode tshiab zoo, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm electrode yog qhov loj, uas yooj yim ua rau oxidation thiab tawg ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv. Yog tias tsis hloov cov txheej txheem steelmaking, qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog ntxiv cov npog tiv thaiv rau lub electrode kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus tuav kom thaiv cov nplaim taws thiab cua kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv electrode kawg nto.